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Russie-Corruption: Fuite des multinationales? -JDD (non signe)

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Message  Vivre Enrussie Lun 15 Mar 2010 - 15:57

15/03/2010 - http://www.lejdd.fr/International/Europe/Depeches/Russie-Corruption-Fuite-des-multinationales-179523/

Plusieurs entreprises multinationales envisagent de se retirer de Russie pour fuir la corruption, assure la directrice de l'organisation à but non lucratif Trace International, qui conseille les compagnies étrangères sur le sujet. "Ma recommandation est la suivante: peut-être devriez-vous renoncer à faire des affaires en Russie. Je suis plus optimiste au sujet du Nigeria que de la Russie", a jugé Alexandra Wrage. "Les entreprises craignent le département américain de la Justice et le SFO (Serious Fraud Office) britannique (...), et plus d'une parle de se retirer", a-t-elle poursuivi Alexandra Wrage, se refusant à les mentionner. La Russie se situe au 146e rang sur 180 pays dans le classement établi par Transparency International.

Depeche non signee... basee sur les declarations d'une ONG qui se "refuse" (...) a mentionner les entreprises Rolling Eyes

Plus optimiste au sujet du Nigeria que de la Russie, c'est normal il suffit de voir ou va le petrole nigerian.

Par contre si les entreprises craignent le departement americain de la Justice et le SFO britannique il est "amusant" de proposer le Nigeria.

Au fait puisque l'on parle visiblement d'entreprises anglo-saxonnes pour rappel les projets de Mc Donald en Russie

45 restaurants en projets:
https://vivreenrussie.1fr1.net/actualites-f7/mcdonald-t2595.htm

John Deer, construction d'une usine:
https://vivreenrussie.1fr1.net/agriculture-agroalimentaire-f19/john-deere-t910.htm
...

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Message  Vivre Enrussie Lun 15 Mar 2010 - 19:32

http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/depeches/international/asiepacifique/20100315.REU2692/des_multinationales_pensent_a_fuir_la_corruption_russe.html

MOSCOU (Reuters) - La corruption a pris de telles proportions en Russie que plusieurs multinationales occidentales envisagent de se retirer du pays, estime la directrice de l'organisation à but non lucratif Trace International, qui conseille les compagnies étrangères sur le sujet.

Pour Alexandra Wrage, cette corruption "endémique effrénée" est l'une des pires parmi les grandes économies émergentes.

"Ma recommandation est la suivante: peut-être devriez-vous renoncer à faire des affaires en Russie. Je suis plus optimiste au sujet du Nigeria que de la Russie", a-t-elle dit à Reuters.

La Russie se trouve au 146e rang du classement établi par Transparency International, qui porte sur 180 pays. L'organisation non gouvernementale évalue les sommes détournées à 300 milliards de dollars par an.

"Beaucoup de discussions (avec les entreprises) en Russie portent sur la question: 'Pouvons-nous rester ici ?'", a expliqué Alexandra Wrage lors d'une visite à Moscou où elle animait un séminaire réunissant une centaine de sociétés, la plupart occidentales, la semaine dernière.

"Les entreprises craignent le département américain de la Justice et le SFO (Serious Fraud Office) britannique (...), et plus d'une parle de se retirer", a-t-elle dit.

Elle a refusé de fournir de noms d'entreprise, mais le géant suédois de l'ameublement Ikea a déjà annoncé l'an dernier une pause dans le développement de ses activités en Russie du fait des procédures administratives jugées imprévisibles dans certaines régions. (*)

"CORRUPTION À TOUS LES NIVEAUX"

Alexandra Wrage raconte une anecdote survenue lors de son premier séminaire à Moscou en 2002 qui avait permis de mettre en lumière les dangers particuliers de la corruption en Russie.

"Quelqu'un est venu me voir lors d'une pause et m'a dit: 'Si je ne verse pas les pots-de-vin ici, je crains vraiment que mon bureau ne soit détruit par un incendie."

Wrage avait reconnu qu'elle n'avait pas vraiment de réponse à apporter à pareil scénario.

La corruption dans les économies émergentes prend souvent la forme de versements d'argent pour obtenir une protection, mais en Russie cet argent sert à acheter des fonctionnaires ou des responsables pour éviter des ennuis administratifs.

Les pratiques les plus courantes sont des dossiers fabriqués de toutes pièces qui peuvent conduire à la fermeture de l'entreprise ou des ententes pour organiser une concurrence déloyale soutenue par des fonctionnaires.

Alexandra Wrage précise que les entreprises qui viennent la consulter posent souvent la même question: "Comment pouvons-nous survivre ici sans payer de pots-de-vin, parce que nous ne sommes pas sûrs que cela soit possible."

Elle se dit sceptique face aux promesses du président Dmitri Medvedev de combattre la corruption, même si elle admet que la question fait désormais l'objet d'un débat public élargi.

"La Russie est un bastion solide. La corruption existe à tous les niveaux", juge-t-elle. "Il semble qu'il y ait une sorte de sentiment de quasi-impunité, que c'est un droit".

Selon elle, les efforts pour lutter contre la corruption ne reçoivent de soutien à aucun des échelons de la hiérarchie.

Trace International a également mené des études en Chine et en Inde. En Chine, la corruption a la forme d'une pyramide inversée avec de nombreuses pratiques illégales au sommet de la hiérarchie. En Inde, le schéma est inversé avec une corruption répandue dans les classes les plus défavorisées, mais avec une tendance à se diffuser vers le haut.

Jean-Philippe Lefief pour le service français

* et hop l'on resort Ikea qui n'a pas fait de pose voir sur MarchmontNews

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Message  Vivre Enrussie Lun 15 Mar 2010 - 20:14

IKEA sur le moteur de recherche de MarchmontNews:
http://www.marchmontnews.com/index.php?search=ikea&x=0&y=0

4 Dec | Central regions| Retail, FMCG
IKEA to build $155m Mega mall in Voronezh region
26 Nov | Central regions| Industry, manufacturing
IKEA to build $60m furniture plant in Kostroma region
22 Sep | Central regions| Industry, manufacturing
IKEA to build $59m timber complex in Kostroma region
15 Jul | Siberia| Retail, FMCG
IKEA opens $125m MEGA mall in Omsk
21 May | Central regions| Retail, FMCG
IKEA to build “$50m” Mega mall outside Voronezh
8 May | Urals| Retail, FMCG
IKEA to invest $300m building mall in Tyumen
7 May | Central regions| Real estate| Retail, FMCG
IKEA buys “$50m” land to build Voronezh mall
24 Apr | Central regions| Industry, manufacturing
IKEA to build $53m timber complex in Kostroma region
3 Apr | Volga| Retail, FMCG
Lipetsk retailer Planetastroy expands to Samara
5 Feb | South West| Tourism, recreation
Nord’s $82m version of IKEA
2 Feb | Central regions| Industry, manufacturing
IKEA in $48.5m Kostroma move
19 Jan | Siberia| Finance, business
Omsk investment over 2008 totals $302m

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Message  Vivre Enrussie Lun 15 Mar 2010 - 20:20

The Moscow Times: http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/russia-corruption-may-force-western-firms-to-quit/401672.html

Extortion by corrupt officials in Russia has gotten so bad that some Western multinationals are considering pulling out altogether, the head of a U.S. anti-bribery group said in an interview.

Alexandra Wrage, whose nonprofit organization TRACE International advises firms on how to avoid bribery, said the "rampant, endemic" corruption in Russia was much worse than in other big emerging economies.

"My recommendation is: 'Maybe you should reconsider doing business in Russia,'" she said. "I am considerably more optimistic about Nigeria than I am about Russia on this issue."

Berlin-based NGO Transparency International rates Russia joint 146th out of 180 nations in its Corruption Perception Index, saying bribe taking is worth about $300 billion a year.

"A lot of the conversations [with businesses] around Russia are: 'Can we stay there?'" Wrage said during a visit to Moscow last week to run a workshop for more than 100 mainly Western firms.

"Companies are fearful of the U.S. Department of Justice or Britain's SFO [Serious Fraud Office] … they are really scrambling to get it right, and really struggling and, in the case of more than one company, talking about pulling out."

Wrage declined to name firms considering leaving, but Swedish furniture retailer IKEA said last year that it was halting further expansion in Russia because of "the unpredictable character of administrative procedures in some regions."

Wrage recalled a question at her first workshop in Moscow in 2002, which underlined the unique dangers of Russian corruption.

"Somebody came up to me in the break and said: 'If I don't pay the bribes here, I am really worried that my office will be burned to the ground.'"

Her reply? "Well, I have nothing to give you. I don't have any best practice tips to help with that scenario."

Corruption in emerging market economies typically involves payments to secure business, but in Russia most bribes go to officials to stop them from abusing their office, Wrage said.

Questions included how to avoid getting your company shut down on a trumped-up charge if you did not pay off an official, through to corporate raiding by Russian competitors with official connivance that could mean losing the whole company.

Businesses were asking: "How do we survive here without paying bribes, because we're not sure it's possible," she added.

Wrage serves on a U.S.-Russia government commission created to strengthen ties by sharing expertise. She was skeptical about President Dmitry Medvedev's repeated pledges to fight corruption, though she acknowledged that they had contributed to a bigger public debate on the issue.

"There is a new and exciting anti-corruption initiative here with startling regularity," she said. "We don't need any more initiatives. We need results."

TRACE has studied other leading emerging economies. In China, it describes corruption as an "inverted pyramid," with most bribery at the top while India is the opposite, with corruption rampant at lower levels but tapering off higher up.

"Russia is a solid block. There is bribery at all levels," Wrage said. "There appears to be a sense of near-complete impunity, a sense of entitlement … there is no sympathetic low-level management, no sympathetic midlevel management, or sympathy at the top [for anti-bribery efforts]."

"Each time I leave here, I sit at the airport and send my husband an e-mail saying: 'I think I'm going to wrap up our efforts here. I don't feel like I can advance … and then I go back, and we poll our member companies, and they go:

"'Can we do another workshop on Russia because we're really worried about Russia?'"

--------------------------------------------------------
Dans la meme edition:
http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/foreign-funds-take-new-look-at-russia/401612.html

With a rebounding economy, resurgent commodity prices and a strengthening currency, Russia is beginning to cast itself in a more favorable light to foreign funds, which rapidly decreased their Russia exposure with the onset of the global financial crisis.

A total of $411 million flowed into Russian funds over the week ending March 11, the highest level since October, far outstripping investment flows into Russia's BRIC peers, according to fund tracker EPFR Global. Brazil attracted only $47 million, India $67 million and China $83 million.

"Investors are warming to the Russia story rather than to any particular market themes … especially with the price of oil now hugging the $80 per barrel level and with ruble appreciation also expected to continue," Chris Weafer, chief strategist at UralSib, said in a note Friday.

"Most of that new Russia money was invested into ETFs and index tracker funds rather than to actively managed funds," he said.

About $191 million, nearly half the total investment into Russian funds, flowed into exchange-traded funds tracking Russian indexes, EPFR said. ETFs are rapidly growing in popularity for foreign investors who want to increase their exposure to emerging markets equities.

Getting in on the increasing flows of cash onto Russia-focused funds, State Street Global Advisors unveiled last week their new Russia-focused, SPDR S&P Russia ETF, which aims to compete with Market Vectors Russia ETF, currently the only other U.S.-traded ETF tracking Russian stocks. The fund will attempt to track the performance of the S&P BMI Russia Capped Index, which focuses on firms domiciled in Russia with a market capitalization of $100 million or more.

"The driving force behind the development of this new emerging market SPDR ETF was increasing investor demand for more precise exposure to the BRIC countries," Anthony Rochte, senior managing director at State Street Global Advisors, said in a statement.

The renewed interest has pushed Russia from underweight to overweight in terms of fund investment compared with its BRIC peers, Brazil, India and China.

Total Russia holdings as a percentage of the average emerging markets fund was 7.66 percent at the end of January, slightly above Russia's weighting in the MSCI emerging markets index, Weafer said. That's up from its nadir in January 2009, when the country was heavily underweight, averaging about 5.16 percent.

And foreign investors' eyes are being increasingly drawn from companies operating in the commodities and oil and gas industries toward the retail and banking sectors. Compared with the MSCI emerging markets index, industry giants Gazprom, LUKoil and Norilsk are all underrepresented in the average portfolio, while Sberbank, VTB and VimpelCom are all overrepresented.

The bump in investment flows helped domestic bourses snap a week of treading water to finish the week solidly in positive territory. The MICEX Index gained 1.4 percent on Friday to finish up 0.1 percent for the week, while the RTS Index rose 2 percent, up 1.8 percent on the week.

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